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Deutschland-class battleship
The ''Deutschland'' class was a group of five pre-dreadnought battleships built for the German Kaiserliche Marine. The class comprised , , , , and . Built between 1903 and 1908, the ships closely resembled those of the preceding , though they had stronger armor protection. They were made obsolete before they were even completed by the launch of the revolutionary Royal Navy battleship in 1906. As a result, they were the last ships of that type built for the German Navy. They were followed by the s, Germany's first dreadnought battleships.
With the commissioning of the ''Deutschland'' class, the fleet had enough battleships to form two full battle squadrons; the fleet was then reorganized into the High Seas Fleet, which saw combat during World War I. Despite their obsolescence, all five of these ships were present at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916. In the confused night actions, ''Pommern'' was torpedoed and sunk. After the battle, the four surviving ships were removed from the front-line fleet and employed in secondary tasks. The Treaty of Versailles permitted Germany to retain several old battleships for coastal defense, including the four ''Deutschland''-class ships.
However, instead of being used as a coastal defense ship, ''Deutschland'' was broken up in 1920–1922. ''Hannover'' was to be converted into a target vessel, although this was never done. She was eventually broken up in 1944–1946. ''Schlesien'' and ''Schleswig-Holstein'' were the only two vessels of the class to see continued front-line service in the Reichsmarine and later the Kriegsmarine. Both ships saw limited duty during World War II, which was inaugurated by the firing of ''Schleswig-Holstein''s main guns at the Polish fortress at Westerplatte. Near the end of the war the two ships were both sunk.
== Design ==
The five ''Deutschland''-class battleships were the last pre-dreadnoughts built by the German Navy. They were similar to the preceding ''Braunschweig''-class ships—''Deutschland'' was nearly identical, though the design was modified slightly after the lead ship was laid down. The four subsequent ships had a somewhat different boiler arrangement and slightly thicker armor compared to the ''Braunschweig''-class ships. All five vessels of the ''Deutschland'' class dispensed with the turret mountings for the secondary guns; all of these guns were mounted in casemates in the hull. The ships were built despite rumors of the capabilities of the revolutionary then under construction. Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz insisted on their construction, since larger ships would have necessitated widening the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. This would have put a prohibitive strain on the naval budget for the year.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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